Grimnismal in Sanskrit

   

Grimnismal

This is the Grimnismal, a text from the Poetic Edda. Here Odinn on a bet with his wife goes to test his foster son king Geyrodr on whether he is of good charecter. He comes in disguise as Grimnir and is immediately bound by the king between 2 fires as torture. Geyrodr's son Agnarr, named after his father's brother, takes pity on the man and offers him some ale to drink. Odinn is pleased and then reveals to him divine knowledge as well as many of his epithets while declaring that he shall become king. 

Thanks to Konrad O. L. Rosenberg for providing the English for this translation. His translation is very comprehensive and faithful to the Old Norse. I know a smattering of Old Norse grammar, so I could follow along. I did make sure to check the dictionary to fine tune my Sanskrit translation. This translation is in prose, though I tried to alliterate here ad there for fun. I tried to keep faithful to the syntax and case endings of the original Old Norse though in some cases it is not possible. 

Names of people I have renderd directly into Old Norse. Names of races like Aesir, Vanir, Dwarves, Elves, etc I translated into Sanskrit. Names of places I sometimes translated into Sanskrit and sometimes transiliterated them.

One thing to note is that the Sun in Old Norse is feminine (and personified as a goddess), thus I used sūryā instead of sūryaḥ. The name sūryā is attested in the Vedic texts as the daughter of sūryaḥ.

I have small Sanskrit commentaries time to time under verses in bullet points. 

Translation

hraudungo rājā dvau sūnū akṣayat. anyo’bhyadhīyata agnaro’nyas tu geyrudaḥ. agnara āsīd dvayor hemantayor, geyrudas tu aṣṭānām hemantānām [varṣamitaḥ]. tau dvau nāvi atārayatām svair baḍiśatantrair alpamīne. vāyus tadā sāgaray udavahata. naktatamasi dharaṇyā abhanaktām upari ca agacchatām; kuṭīravāsinam ekam avindatām. tau tatra āstām hemantam abhi. vaiśyā agnaram paryapoṣad vaiṣyas tu geyrudam. vasante tābhyām nāvam prāyacchad. yadā tu tau taṭasya paryantam sa vaiśyā (ca) anayatām, tadā vaiśya ekavaco’bhravīd geyrudena. suvātam alabhetām svasya ca pitus sthānasya paryantam āgacchad.  geyrodo nāvi purā āsīt. sa udakūrdad dharaṇyām nāvaṁś ca udanudad abravīc ca: "gaccha yatra pāpmanas tvam bhavati" iti. naur bahir avahata. geyrudas tu kṣetrasya paryantam vyagacchat. tasmai samyag abhivāditam (abhinanditam) āsīt, tadā tasya pitā antagataḥ. tadā geyrudo rājñaḥ paryantam ūḍho, naraś ca śreyo’bhavat.  


  • dharaṇyā abhanaktām iti dharaṇyā samudrataṭena tayor nauḥ sampatya bagnā abhavat. 

  • āstām hemantam abhi iti hemantakālamitam tāv avasatām tatra



odinaḥ frikk ca udarkasadasi asīdan sarvān lokān ca paryapaśyan. odino bravīiti, "paśyasy agnaram poṣitam tava, yatra sa sutān sūte guhyakayā guhāyām tasyām? geyrudas tu poṣito mama rājā kṣitau ca sīdati." frigg bravīti: "sa āmirnindita eva yat sa svān atithīn bādhte yadi tasmai ‘bahava āgacchanti’ iti bhāti". odino vakti yat tad eva mahattamam asatyam. tāv idam adhi paṇyakurvatām. frikk svām preṣyavadhūm fullām apreṣad  geyrudasya paryantam. sā rājñam jagrātum ādiśad yad bahujñānī naro na tasmai [tam] apākarod yas tatra āgataḥ kṣitau; avadac ca yat "na kaścana śvā āsīd etāvat krūro yad asāv akūrdiṣyad" iti  tasya aṅkam.  tat tu murkhatvam mahattamam eva yad geyrudo na syād āmissamyak; tathāpi ca nigrāhayat tam naram yasmai na vyavahartum icchanti śvānaḥ. sa nīle prāvāray āsid grimniś ca abhihitaḥ, na ca vakty adhikam ātmanaḥ yathāpi syāt parīkṣitaḥ. rājā tam ārdayat kathanasya paryantam, dvayoś ca agnyor madhye’dadhāt; sa ca tatra asīdat aṣṭanaktam. geyrudo dviayor hemantayor vṛddhaṁ sūnam akṣayat, sa ca agnaro’bhyadhyīyata tasya bhrātur param. agnaro grimner agre"gacchat tasmai śṛṅgam pūrṇam pātum adadād, vadati yad rājā duṣṭam akarod, yatas tam ārdayad aparādhahīnam. grimiḥ prāpibati. tadā ayam agnir atyāgataḥ yat tat prāvārakam grimer vidagdham. so’vadat:


  1. uṣṇo’si jvāla uta ca ati mahattamaḥ, matto vigaccha vahne! lomaśavastram pluṣṭam yathāpi antarikṣe bharāmi. dahyate matprāvāram purā!

  • antarikṣe bharāmi iti arthe grimnis tasya vastram uddharati vahnisparśanirvāraṇāya.

  1. aṣṭanaktam atra asīdam agnyor madhye yāvat na ko"pi naraḥ may āmir ārpayad, ekam agnaram vihāya ya ekaḥ rājayed geyrudasya sūnur goti-dharaṇyām.

  • gotir iti janasya deśam paripālayed iti grimner varadānam. 

  1. kalyo bhaved agnaraḥ, sarvasya kalyam tvām bhavitum ādiśati vīradevaḥ. ekasya pānasya na jīvite vetanam [balim] uttaram labheta. 

  • ekasmān madyapānād uttaram vetanam karam balim vā na labheta ity arthaḥ

  1. kṣetram pavitram yat paśyāmi śayānam āsavebhya ṛbhukebhyaś ca samīpe. ūrjālaye [trūdālaye] tu toro bhaven nāthāḥ, vibhidyanta iti paryantam.

  2. yidalir ity abhidhīyate yatra ullasya śālā saṁsiddhā ātmane. ṛbhukalokam freyāyai purākalpe devāḥ adadan dantaśulkam iva. 

  • dantaśulka ity uupahāraḥ bālāya datto yadā sa prathamam dantam tyajati 

  1. būr (ity) asti sa yatra nāthās susthāś śālām rajatena achādayan. hatapīṭham abhidhīyate yad ajayad ātmanay āsavaḥ purākalpe. 

  2. majjapīṭham abhidhīyate, tatra ca śītalās sphuranty upary ūrmikāḥ. tatra tāv odinas sāgā ca sarvāni dināny abhi pibato hlādinau hiraṇyapātrebhyaḥ [kaṁsakebhyaḥ]. 

  3. hlādilokaḥ (ity) abhidhīyate yatra hiraṇyasucir ūrvī hataśālā pratitiṣṭhati. tatra ca hroptaḥ pratidinam āyidhamṛtān vīrān cinoti. 

  • hroptaḥ iti odinaḥ

  1. śālāparicitir adhikam asti draṣṭum suprajñātā tebhyo yay odinasya paryantam āgacchanti. tarakṣo [vṛko] lambate paścimadvāram purā, garuḍaś ca avalambatay upari. 

  2. śālāparicitir adhikam asti draṣṭum suprajñātā tebhyo yay odinasya paryantam āgacchanti. śalyair gṛhaś chāditam, ḍhālaiś śālā pracchāditā, jālaprāyābhiḥ pīṭhāni bhuṣitāṇi.

  3. trima-lokaḥ (ity) abhidhīyate yatra tyatsir avasat sa vicitro bhākṣakaḥ. atha tu skadī śucir vadhū devānām prācīnāni pitus sthālāni nivasati. 

  4. pṛthuprakāśinas santi, tatra ca badrasya śālā saṁsiddhā bhavaty ātmane tasyām bhūmau yasyām veda aham alpatamān pāpadaṇḍān

  • pāpadaṇḍaḥ iti pāpakarma, akṣaraśo norskalipāv akṣaro likhitaḥ pāpamayaḥ himsāśāpārthe.

  1. svargagirayas santi tatra ca heymdallo mandireṣu kṣayati [rājayati]. tatra pālako devānām hlādī mādhurīm tām pibati kṣemagṛhay ity āhuḥ.

  2. gaṇakedāram asti, tatra ca freyā sadasām cayanam niścinoti. hatam ardham cinoti pratidinam, ardham ca odinaḥ kṣayati.

  • hatam ardham hatavīragaṇāmām vṛnute

  1. gltnir asti sa hiraṇyena uddhṛtas tathā ca rajatena pracchāditaḥ. tatra api vasati bhūyodinam adhyakṣaḥ (forsetiḥ) sarvān ca vivādān svāpayati. 

  2. nauvṛtayas santi, tatra ca nyordasya śālā saṁsiddhā bhavaty ātmane. nṛṇām pārthivas sa vighnahīno vedyām udatakṣitāyām niścinoti.

  • udarakṣita iti viṣaye norskajanaḥ dārunā bahiḥsthām udagrām vedim śilāmayīm api karoti pūjārthe 

  1. gulmena uccena tṛṇena vardhati vidarasya dharaṇīm dāruṇā, tatra tu yuvako hayasya pṛṣthato dhīro pitre pratīkarum saṁśate. 

  2. andhrīmnir eldhrīmnau sehrīmnim pakvam bhāvayati [anumanyate], māṁsānām śreṣṭham. tat tv alpāḥ vidur yena ekagaṇāḥ puṣyante. 

  3. gerim frekim ca bhojayati sa samaradamito gaṇapitā, surayā tv eva āyudhejya odinas sadā jīvati. 

  4. hugino muninaś ca uḍḍayataḥ pratidinam bṛhatkṣitim upari. hunāya bibhemi yat na (praty) āgacchet paścā tathāpi munināya adhikam bibhemi.

  5. tundī rauti; tjodvitner jhaṣa oghe pravardhate. nadyāḥ pravāho"timahān bhāti hatakolāhalāya tartum.

  • tundī iti nadī

  1. hatadvāram (ity) abhidhīyte yat kedāre tiṣṭhati pavitre pavitrebhyo dvārebhyaḥ purā. tad dvāram prācīnam, tat tu alāḥ vidur: yathā tattālam tālitam  

  • katham dvārasya tālam upayuktam udghāṭananivāraṇārthāya ity alpajanāḥ viduḥ

  1. pañcaśatair staraiḥ, prāyaś ca catvāriṁṣadbhis santi iti manye kṣaṇasphuraṇe [bilskirnau] bhujaiḥ [vakraiḥ]. teṣām gṛhānām yān jānīyām utskambhitam, veda aham mama yuvakasya śreṣṭam 

  • yuvakasya torasya gṛhaś śreṣṭhaḥ

  1. pañcaśatair dvārāni, prāyaś ca catvāriṁṣadbhis santi iti manye kṣaṇasphuraṇe hataśālāyām. aṣṭaśata ekagaṇāḥ ekasmād dvārāt bahir gacchanti yadā tarakṣena yoddhum yānti.  

  2. heydrūnī (ity) abhishīyate ajā yā tiṣṭhati śālāyām hatapituḥ, leradasya ca śākhād daṁśati. ākṛtipātrāni pūrayet mādhurīm śuddhām; tāni pānāni hātum hrasitum na śakyate.

  • sā mādhurī madhupānam ajādugdham eva. 

  1. eyktirnir (ity) abhishīyate hariṇo yas tiṣṭhati śālāyām gaṇapituḥ, leradasya ca śākhād daṁśati. śṛṅgābhyām tu tasya snauti hvergelmau [kaṭāharave]; tato mārgān apas sarve kṣayanti.   

  2. sīc, vīc ca ,sekinī ca, eykinī ca, guntrauś ca, fyormī, fimbultul ca, rīnī, rinnandī, gipul, gopul ca, gomul, geyrvimul ca, tāḥ parivarante nidhim devānām. tinī, vinī, tol, hol ca, grod grunntorinī ca.   

  3. vīna (ity̱) abhidhīyatay ekā, anyā vegsvinā, tṛtīyā tyodnumā. nin, noc ca, nonā, hron ca, slid hric ca, silgā, hilgā ca, vīd vōnī ca, vont, stronc ca, gjoll, leyptā ca. tāḥ patanti mānavānām samīpe yāvan narakasya paryantam patanti.

  • nadyaḥ narakam athavā pātalam gacchanti yathā asmadīyā gaṅgā pātālam avāpnoti.

  1. kormtam, ormtam ca, kerlauge dve ca toras taret pratidinam yadā niścetum yigdrasilasya askād agram gacchati.yataḥ āsavasetur jvālati sarvair vahnaiḥ. pavitrāni jalāni saṁrauti.  

  2. glado, gilliś ca, gleru, skeydbrimiś ca, silvrintoppas, siniś ca, gisḷ, falhovniś ca, golltoppo, letfetiś ca; teṣv asveṣu vahante pratidinam yadā niścetum yigdrasilasya askād agram gacchanti

  3. trīṇi mūlāni tiṣṭhanti triṣu dikṣu yigdrasilasya askād adhaḥ. ekasmād adho vasati nārakī, anyasmāt tuṣāraturāsurāḥ, tṛtīyad nārānām narāḥ. 

  • nārānām narāḥ iti naradrśām narāḥ

  • nārakī iti devī narakapālinī. tuṣāraturāsurāḥ iti ekasya asurasya jātiḥ.  

  1. ratatoskaḥ (ity) abhidhīyate cikroḍo yaḥ paridhāvet yigdrasilasya aske. sa garuḍasya vacanam upariṣṭād bhared vadec ca adho nidhoggvam.

  2. hariṇās santi catvāraḥ, ye vyāvrttagrīvāḥ mukulebhyo"vacarvanti. dvaino, dvalinaś ca, dūneyro, duratrauś ca. 

  3. adhikāḥ kṛmayo yigdrasilasya askād adho līyante tasmād yat paricintayet kaścana kapīnām aviduṣām.

  4. govino movinaś ca te gravvitnes sūnavo grābako gravvolludaś ca. manye yad ovnis svāvniś ca sadā yūpasya viṭapān vilikhetām 

  • yūpaḥ iti yigdrasilasya asko vṛkṣaḥ 

  1. asko yigdrasilasya śramam sahate"dhikam tasmād yad narāḥ vidyuḥ. hariṇo daṁśaty upari pārśve ca klidyate. nidhoggvasya hrāsayaty adhaḥ.

  2. icchāmi yad bhareyur hristí mistī ca me śṛṅgam hildā, trūdā ca, hlokkā, hervyoturā ca, gollī, geyrahodī ca, randgrīdī, rādgrīdi ca, reginleifī ca. tāh bharanti yavirām ekaśenebhyaḥ. 

  3. ārvako’lsvidaś ca tāv itaḥ upari kṣīnau sūryām karṣetām. tayos tu skandhebhyo’dha ullasāh nathāḥ āsavāḥ lohaśaityam agupyan. 

  • lohaśaityam iti ḍrtiyantram vāyupreraṇam śītyakriyāyai, aśvābhyām ca sūryatapasas trāṇāya.

  1. svālina ity abhidhīyate, sa sūryāyāh puras tiṣṭhati ḍhālam (iva) virājantyāḥ devyāḥ. veda aham yat bhṛgavas tarangāś ca jvaletām yadi sa vinipatati.    

  2. skola ity abhidhīyate vṛko yas tām devīm sucyākṛtim anusarati vanaso rakṣaṇasya paryantam. anyaś ca hātir hrodvitner sūnuḥ, sa tathā sucyāḥ vadhvāḥ puro divaḥ. 

  3. yimer māmsād āsīd bhūmiḥ prakḷptā, svedāt tu samudraḥ. asthībhyo bhṛgavas, keśebhyo vanaḥ, dyaus tu kapalāt.  

  • sveda ity atra raktam 

  1. bhrūbhyam tu ullasāḥ nāthāḥ akurvan madhyavāṭakam mānavānāṁ sūnūbhyaḥ. tasya tu mastiṣkād āsan prakalpitās te meghās sarve dṛḍhavṛttayaḥ.

  2. ullasya viśveṣāmś ca devānām viśvāsaḥ tasya bhavati yaḥ kaḥ prathamam vahnau harati yato hi lokāḥ udghāṭitāḥ sambhavati asavānām sūnūbhyo yadā kaṭāhānn udvahanti.

  3. purākalpay ivalder sunavas skīdbladnim klaptum agacchan sreṣṭham nāvām sucaye freyāya nyordasya sutāya upayogine.    

  4. asko yiggdrasilasya sa mayumattamaḥ vanasām skīdbladnis tu nāvām. odina asavānām, sleypnir aśvānām, bivrostī setūnām, brāgis tu kavīnām, hābrokī śyenānām, garmas tu sūnām. 

  5. kṣaṇena udūḍhavān atha vijayadevānām putrebhyaḥ, tena jāgred iṣṭarakṣaṇam. viśvebhya āsavebhyas tad eva āgacched eger pīṭhikāyām eger pāne.  

  6. (ātmānam) abhidadhe "grima" iti,  (ātmānam) abhidadhe "gaṅglerir, heryano, hyalmberiś ca" iti. "trekkas, tridiś ca, truda, udaś ca, helblindir, havaś ca" iti. 

  7. "sadas, svipalaś ca, saṅgetalo, hertęiyo hnikaraś ca, bileygo, bāleygo, bolverkaḥ, fyolnir, grimo, grimniś ca, glapsvidaḥ, fyolsvidaś ca" iti. 

  8. "sīdhotas, sītskego, vijayapitā, hnikudo, viśvapitā, hatapitā, atrīdaḥ, farmativaś ca" iti. ekena nāmnā na āyuṣe (ātmānam) abhidadhe prabhṛty aham janair acaram. 

  9. grimnim mām abhyadadhan geyradasya (agre), yalkam tu osmundasya (agre), kyalaram tu yadā ākraṣam saṁsarpayānam. trovaṁ samitau, viduraṃ samare. 

  • saṁsarpayānam ity acakram hime vāhanam karṣaṇīyam 

  • vidura ity atra na saṁskrtasya padam kintu norskabhāṣāyāḥ padam saṁskṛttasya anūccāraṇe.  kṣayakara ity arthaḥ 

  1. oskir omiś ca, yavnhovo, bivlindiś ca, gondlir, hārbardaś ca, devaih-. 

  2. sviduras, svidriś ca yathā abhyadhīye sukkmimer (agre), aham caiva tam bhākṣāsuram jaram amohayad yadā tasya midvitner prasiddhasya putrasya ekaghātaka āsam.  

  3. unmado"si geyuda, tvam atipītavān.  bṛhato vidhuro"si yadā mama gatyā asi, sarvair ekasenair odinasya ca viśvāse.  

  4. prācuryam avadam te, alpam tu saṃsmarasi. mintrāny eva tvām vañcayanti. mama mitrasya khadgam śayānam īkṣe sarvam rakte preritam.      

  5. atha aṇḍaśrānto hato bhaviṣyati yiggasya, veda aham tvadīyam jīvam atītam. mātṛkāś śrāntās santi, draṣṭum śaknoṣy odinam atha. samīpībhavasva mām yadi śaknuyāḥ. 

  6. "odina" ity abhidhīye, "yigga" ity abhyadhīye purā. "tunda" ity abhyadadhe (ātmānam) tatpurā. "vakas, skilvingaś ca, vofudo,hroptativaś ca, gauto, yalkaś ca devaiḥ," iti. 

  7. ovnir svāvniś ca yau manye yad bhūtau sarvau mad ekasmāt syatām.


geyrudo rājā asīdat, tasya ca khadgo svam jānum abhy abhavat, madhyaparyantam ca paricoditaḥ. yadā tu sa aśṛṇod yad odinas tatra āgata āsīt, sa udatiṣṭhad, odinam ca tasmād agner apanetum aicchat. sa khadgo hastāt tasya askhalat. te tsaravaś ca avidann adhaḥ. rājā pādau samaghaṭṭata, purā ca apatata. khadgas tu tam tiro"tiṣṭhat, asau ca mṛtyum alabhata. odino vyavartata tadā, agnaraś ca tatra rājā āsīc ciram itaḥ. 

  • geyrudaḥ tasya khadgam upari apatat tataḥ khadgena śūlitaḥ. tasmād āgnaras tatputraḥ rājā abhavat.

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How to Sanskritze Norse Names

 Sanskritize Old Norse Names If we are going to translate Old Norse literature into Sanskrit, we have to figureout how to render the names, like Thor or Odin, into Sanskrit. The way I do this is by swapping out the Norse case endings with a Sanskrit one. Sometimes I might translate the  names completely or in part. Often times I will look at the etymology.  When it comes to phonology, Old Norse has the "f" sound, which Sanskrit doesn't have. I could use the "ph" sound, but I have decided to be a bit unorthodox and improt the "f" sound into Sanskrit by writing a nuqta  under the " फ​ ", i.e. " फ़".    Names of Races  Names of races and will be translated, not loaned into Sanskrit.  Aesir The Aesir are one class of gods, the other being the Vanir. It is in this group that gods like Odin and Thor belong to. Long ago the Aesir and Vanir gods were at war, but eveentually they made peace.  The word Aesir is the plural form of the word Old...
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